PD ROM 1/PD ROM Volume I - Macintosh Software from BMUG (1988).iso/Electronic Messages/Quick Connect/Quick Connect 1988 May

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May Quick Connect


Dressing for Success: Apple's Image

by Clement Mok

Over the years, Apple has undergone a dramatic transformation from a company
resembling a rebellious, arrogant youth to a mature and responsible young
adult.  Like a teenager, Apple in its early days dressed itself in the latest,
the trendiest, and the most fashionable graphics.  It made a statement and
people noticed.  And like a teenager who matures, Apple later refined its taste
for how it dressed-how it wanted to look to the world.  It discovered that
brochures didn't have to be printed in 12 colors to be insightful, and that
videos didn't have to be expensive to be good.  These changes in Apple's dress
code-how it shows itself to the world-are reflections of how Apple itself
changed.  And these changes tell the story of Apple's image.

What's an image made of?
What makes up Apple's image?  Is it the six-color Apple logo or the
deadpan-looking business folks on the covers of our brochures?  Is it the artsy
squiggles of a guy on bicycle or the smart-aleck business executive in our
commercial?  Is it the megabuck Hollywood-style events or the T-shirts,
binders, buttons, and mugs?  The answer is both none of the above and all of
the above.  Individually, they create a certain impression, an image.  But
collectively, they convey a different impression, the Apple image in physical
form.

Like clothing, these things show only the physical attributes of Apple.  They
do little to define Apple's deeds or its true character.  And part of Apple's
image includes its past, present, and future, its romantic roots, and its grand
vision of "one person, one computer."  Ultimately, the company's image is
created not only by the clothing it wears in public, but by the dynamic
interaction between Apple and the rest of the world.

And the rest of the world has examined, analyzed, sliced, and diced Apple to no
end.  Our public and private persona have been watched and criticized like a
prime-time mini-series.  Little go unnoticed.  Under this scrutiny, our dress
code-our ads, packaging, exhibits, collateral-has been the best way to
demonstrate and express our beliefs to the world.  So we take great pains to
nurture and develop the elements that will project the Apple image.  Here's a
look at how we do it.


The Flamboyant Years
In the early days, Apple's dress code was characterized by bold, brash, and
sometimes overstated color graphics.  They were done by designers and art
directors on the outside who knew little about Apple products.  Their charter
was to create and build an image of an Apple that was very polished, very warm,
and very friendly.  And they were asked to paint a picture of a company that
had a sense of humor, was indifferent to standards, and believed that work was
supposed to be fun.

These messages were conveyed in a logo with the rainbow spectrum out of order
(Apple had a sense of humor), brochures and manuals with flying triangles that
looked like video game packages (computers-and work-were fun), and posters in
12 colors with layers of slick varnish (Apple was sophisticated).  This
uncontrolled raw energy hit a nerve in the marketplace.  People responded to
the colorful graphics and the unusual treatment of computers in photographs and
illustrations-a subject they had thought to be either dull or monochromatic.
Apple's bold new look shattered people's perceptions and made more people aware
of the excitement that was developing in the personal computer industry.  This
graphic style not only worked (at least for a time), but gave the impression
that Apple was a much larger operation than it really was.

Another Apple message that altered perceptions and startled the competition was
that Apple could laugh at itself.  And it could face a problem head-on and view
it from a different and most unusual perspective.  The most dramatic example of
this was probably the ad we placed in the Wall Street Journal right after IBM
announced its plans to enter the personal computer industry.  This ad, in
particular, established a tone and a voice that many in the business community
identified with Apple.  It was the voice of a kid with adventure in mind; it
was also this naivete that captured the heart of America and the world.

Another thing happened during those early years from 1977 to 1984.  A
subculture evolved within Apple-a culture that encouraged and rewarded
individualism and glorified entrepreneurship.  This obsession manifested itself
in the form of products, as well as the number of T-shirts.  Every milestone,
every success was commemorated with a T-shirt.  Every product was given a
personality, and thus, its own brand identity.  Millions of dollars were spent
on crafting images for these products.  The market grew, new products came on
the scene, and the competition, namely IBM, became a factor to be reckoned
with.  The market at that time was very confused and very fragile.  Apple's
products gave the impression that there was a Lisa(R) company, an Apple(R) II
company, and a Macintosh(R) company.  Suddenly, it just didn't make sense.  All
that raw creative energy was out of control.  Something needed to happen.


The Age of Reason

The turning point came in 1984, the year both the Macintosh and the Apple IIc
were introduced.

At that time, Apple faced fierce competition and we needed to look at how all
of our products were presented to the world.  And we soon discovered that we
needed a personal fashion consultant.  If someone were to walk out of a
computer store with a fully configured Apple system, he or she would literally
have six, very different-looking boxes.  Apple, the company, had little if any
identity.  It was a frightening revelation, considering the important role
brand preferences play in the purchasing decision.

It was time to clear the deck and start from scratch.  We needed to create an
image for Apple, the company, even if it meant losing the product identity and
the image we had painstakingly created for two very successful products.  The
lessons we learned from Macintosh and the Apple IIc needed to be applied across
the board for Apple.


The Macintosh and Apple IIc, then, paved the way for a new visual vocabulary
for the company-a vocabulary that evoked the sophisticated aesthetic senses of
a maturing company, one that focused on the product as the hero without
obliterating the company identity, and one that demonstrated that simplicity is
the most effective means to help people understand computers.  After all, our
products themselves were well-designed, and they illustrated that good design
is good business.

So we set about creating a structure and a vocabulary that was easy and simple,
allowed great flexibility, spoke to all Apple constituencies, and most
importantly, provided a framework for consistency and personal expression
without inhibiting creativity.  And of course, we recognized the need for a
structure and vocabulary that could be modified over time as the image of the
company changed.

Today's Sophistication
The decisions that were made back in 1984 and the changes that were set in
motion continue to this day.  The impact has been significant.

What we've done is provided the company with a white shirt and a pair of khaki
pants-how we wear them is all a matter of style and purpose.  We created this
new dress code by establishing a series of guidelines and a palette for all
visual communications about Apple, the company.  We are emphasizing the
company's logo and have figured out a way to stage it in its true form-not just
green, not just blue, not just purple, but in six different colors-without
letting it get in the way of the real communication.  And because a typeface
identifies a company's character and personality just like handwriting does a
person's, we've adopted the ITC Garamond typeface for all our written
communication.  This typeface is universally available and reflects the
increasing sophistication of the audience we need to appeal to.

But no one likes rules, especially someone creative.  Hard and fast rules are
especially resented if they are not easy to implement.  That's why we made our
rules so simple, that just about anyone could use them, even without
directions.  And a funny thing happened.  People discovered that by following
these simple rules, the communications they created had a powerful impact.  The
elegant simplicity of the structure appealed not only to the designers-the
people charged with projecting Apple's image-but also to the rest of Apple.
It's a structure that provides both focus and diversity.  And it provides
flexibility.  As our company grows and as Apple's market diversifies, we now
have a solid foundation on which to build our communication platforms-Apple's
image-now and in the future.


Jean-Louis Gasse on Networking and Communication:
The Second Stage Begins

New alliances.  New products.  New organizations.

It's been a watershed few months in Apple's Networking and Communication
community.  On January 14, Apple announced a joint development alliance with
Digital Equipment Corporation.  On January 25 at the Infonectics Conference in
Los Angeles, the company introduced several new communications products:
MacAPPC(TM), MacWorkStation(TM), and AppleTalk(R) for the DEC VAX(TM)
minicomputer.  On January 27, Jean-Louis Gasse announced a reorganization in
Research and Development.  And on February 16-19 in New York, Apple solutions
were the centerpiece of DEXPO East-a major event in the DEC computing world.

We asked Jean-Louis Gasse to put these networking and communication
developments in perspective.

Q:  How has Apple's position in the networking and communication marketplace
evolved over the last few years?

Gasse:  I think it's probably fair to say that some of the announcements we
made in early 1985 about our networking capabilities were overly optimistic.
So for a while, that created a perception problem: some people felt we couldn't
offer certain connectivity solutions.  So we went to work.  We've developed a
range of multivendor connectivity products to meet the requirements of our key
customers-especially in the DEC and IBM worlds. Additionally, AppleTalk is now
recognized everywhere as being a major advance in networking for personal
computers.

Needless to say, I'm very proud of the work that people like Ed Birss, Anthony
Cagle, and Gurshuran Sidhu have done.  Industry experts recognize how far we've
come.  Full public perception will follow.

Q:  How do these developments distinguish us from our competitors?

Gasse:  I think we've turned the tables on the competition.  Now we are in a
position to ask "Can you connect as well as Apple?"  Not only do we have an
array of connectivity solutions, but the method of our connectivity, the way we
do it, is unmatched.  When you see HyperCard(R) applications running on the top
of MacAPPC, you get the idea.

Q:  Why is that?

Gasse:  It's because we approach networking and communication from the
standpoint of the individual user.  As a result, we've been able to achieve an
interesting reconciliation of two apparent contradictions.  On one hand, our
products don't ask host programmers and information system (IS) managers to
change their culture.  They can integrate the Macintosh into their enterprises
without disruption.  On the other hand, we've retained the integrity of the
Macintosh personal computer experience even when Macintosh is networked to a
different environment.

Q:  So it's still "one person, one computer?"

Gasse:  Precisely.  The point of networking is to enhance the personal computer
experience.  We approach networks and data resources as a method of extending
the capabilities of the individual user.  Networking gives users access to
remote knowledge and data by allowing peer-to-peer communications over a
network.  This creates opportunities for new applications by allowing processes
to cooperate.  This way, people can share work whenever it's appropriate,
wherever they are.  This is an expansion of our roots-a pushing out of strong
limbs, if you will.

Q:  Why did you create a vice-president of Networking and Communication
position in R & D?

Gasse:  We want to move quickly into the second stage of Apple's networking and
communications efforts.  We want to aggressively exploit our new momentum by
focusing all our communication efforts under one leader.  With this new
position, all hardware and software communication development efforts will
become part of an integrated whole that has enough organizational strength and
visibility to go to the second stage.

Q:  How will this new vice-president position affect R & D efforts?

Gasse:  I think it will allow us to better manage the increased volume of
network and communication activity.  When you're developing many products that
have to work together, the process gets complex.  It can take a long time to
make decisions.  With one capable leader, we'll avoid some of the consequences
of that inevitable complexity.  Decisions will be made crisply, so we'll avoid
losing ground.


Q:  How does all of this fit into the Apple-Digital alliance?

Gasse:  The alliance has reinforced our R & D efforts.  It offers us the
opportunity to further our goal of giving personal computer users a rich
experience in accessing networks.  The friendly relationship between Apple and
Digital will optimize the two environments working together.


Mike Liebhold Describes . . .
The Brave New World of CD-ROM

Announced in March, publicized in April, and scheduled to ship in May, Apple's
new CD-ROM drive, the AppleCD SC(TM) drive, offers a whole new world to
software developers, information providers, and Apple users alike.

To most of us, CD-ROM (Compact Disc with Read-Only Memory) technology means
mass storage and retrieval capabilities far exceeding those of magnetic floppy
disks or even most hard disks currently available.  But to Mike Liebhold of
Apple's Advanced Technology group, CD-ROM represents a new age in personal
computing-one with enriched applications tools and interactive information that
will help us communicate better, make more informed decisions, and ultimately
do our jobs better in whatever field we happen to be in.

Having championed Apple's CD-ROM drive for almost four years, Mike could be
called the father of the AppleCD SC.  He coauthored the hardware specs (with
Conrad Chen and Bill Watson in Mass Storage Engineering), negotiated with the
High Sierra committee in developing a standard for a disc format, and did all
the early research and conceptualization to find out what CD-ROM is really good
for.  The result was a box about the size of a hard disk with the power to
change the way we compute.

One of the most obvious changes is that CD-ROM provides us with more
information than we ever had before.  Since a single CD-ROM disc can hold up to
550 megabytes of data, software publishers are using them to store large
amounts of information-information that you can access by key-word searches.

But in Mike's opinion, "Information retrieval is not really the right paradigm
for CD-ROM.  There are others.  I think Bill Atkinson has the right idea: we
want interactive information rather than just 'fetch it for me' retrieval.  And
the HyperCard program is a great tool for managing and accessing information.
If your CD-ROM disc contains a large amount of data, HyperCard is one good way
to organize that data to make it useful.  In a very real sense, HyperCard gives
Apple users a special advantage in using CD-ROM technology."


CD-ROM-and specifically the Apple CD SC-also gives us the ability to play audio
CDs and to integrate that sound in other applications.  Using HyperCard, for
example, you can create buttons in a stack that call up bits and pieces from an
audio disc.  You could design a music tutorial on, say, classical music and
hear a string section from a concerto simply by clicking on a button.  In fact,
you could integrate selections from any one of thousands of titles of music or
speech in a HyperCard stack in any number of ways.  The Whole Earth disc,
demonstrated by Apple at the recent CD-ROM conference in Seattle, is one
example of how over 400 music selections-from rock to blues to folk songs to
classical music-were integrated in a HyperCard stack.  And if you're wondering
about the fidelity, Mike will tell you, "The music sounded absolutely wonderful
on the Macintosh!"

In classrooms, CD-ROM is being combined with laser videodisc technology,
producing some exciting applications in education.  As Mike explains it,
"CD-ROM is an ideal controller and data manager for laser videodiscs.  For
example, you can put video material on a laser videodisc, the data and frame
directory on the CD-ROM disc, and run them in tandem.  With HyperCard, you
could have sampled sounds and multiple soundtracks that would accompany the
images on the videodisc.  Since you can put 54,000 pictures on a videodisc and
550 megabytes of data on a CD-ROM disc, you get some nice opportunities for
cross-correlation of a data and a video directory."  Programs that do just that
include the Space disc series from Optical Data, the National Galleries series
from Voyager and Videodisc Publishing, and the life science series from Video
Discovery.

And more CD-ROM applications are on the way.  Mike tells us we can look forward
to enriched productivity tools, such as word processors with integrated
dictionaries, thesauruses, encyclopedias, and other reference tools.  We can
count on improved home learning systems that integrate text, sound, graphics,
and video in dynamic new ways.  And business people can expect hands-on
modeling tools for simulating "what-if" situations on extremely large data
sets.

As Mike describes it, "Doctors will have better access to the literature,
particularly clinical problems.  Lawyers will have better access to case law.
Scholars will have richer resources for comparing and cross-checking sources
and making intuitive associations between data sets.  We'll have access to so
much more of the world's knowledge that we'll all become better educated and
much more knowledgeable about our fields.  I think there is going to be
tremendous richness of community software and community stackware-a whole new
suite of compelling tools and activities we can explore."

But in the end, that's only the beginning.  Says Mike, "Within the next 10
years, we can expect true multimedia.  We'll have high-resolution, digitized
video and high-resolution, high-speed graphics running with CD-ROM.  And 10
years from now, we'll certainly have very low-cost, high-density, erasable mass
storage.  We'll have personal, hypermedia documents that users will create
themselves.  It's going to be exciting.  In my view, it's going to among the
most exciting decades in personal computing."


Back in the U.S.S.R.

While many of us were home enjoying a mild winter and an early spring, John
Marvelle, special advisor to the Apple Computer Clubs program, found himself,
along with a handful of other Americans, in the middle of the Soviet Union.
But he wasn't there to experience the Russian winter.  He was there to
experience a technological climate vastly different from our own, and to share
a slice of Apple technology with ordinary Soviet citizens.

As a special Apple ambassador, John worked as a computer specialist for
Information USA, the first official U.S. cultural exhibit in the Soviet Union
since 1979.  The exhibition, sponsored by the United States Information Agency,
was designed to acquaint Soviet citizens with U.S. technology in the fields of
medicine, agriculture, business, education, and the auto industry.  Currently
halfway through its nine-city tour, Information USA will draw over two million
Soviet visitors with displays featuring everything from a photocopier to
interactive touchscreen videos and personal computers.  In fact, some of the
technology is so new and foreign to the average Soviet citizen that it often
results in humorous and surprising questions-questions such as "Does this Xerox
machine also copy in Russian?" and "Can that computer read my mind?"

It was to such a climate that John arrived with thousands of rainbow-colored
Apple stickers, an Apple IIe, a Macintosh Plus, a Computereyes video-digitizer,
Thunderware's Thunderscan, an ImageWriter(R) II printer, and software from such
companies as Aldus, Borderbund, Claris, MECC, Microsoft, Scholastic,
Springboard, and Styleware. With help from Russian-speaking American
interpreters, he shared the excitement of Apple computing with hundreds of
Soviet citizens and specialists.  During his six-week stay in the city of
Tbilisi, Georgia, John met with teachers and members of small business
cooperatives and explained how personal computers are used in the United
States.  He conducted computer workshops for Soviet students and consulted with
researchers from some of the top institutes of higher learning.  And he even
met with members of two Soviet User Groups: the Moscow Computer Club, a small
group of approximately 25 members, and the Tbilisi Computer Club, a community
group that gives children aged 15 to 16 a chance to use computers.

John reports that the Soviet personal computer industry is currently primitive
and plagued with problems-problems that include manufacturing a workable floppy
disk that doesn't wear out after minimal use.  Even so, he did have a chance to
learn firsthand about a couple of Soviet-built personal computers-the Agat and
the BK0010.  The Agat is a computer with  64K of user-available memory that
costs 3000 rubles, approximately $5000 at the official exchange rate.  Although
it is not 100% compatible with the Apple II family, the Agat is considered an
Apple II clone since most of its programs will run on an Apple IIe after the
disks are reformatted.  The BK0010, a CPU with a mylar keyboard, is the first
Soviet-made personal computer designed for use in the home.  It has 16K of
user-available memory, costs 600 rubles or about $1000, and uses magnetic tapes
for storage.  According to several sources, the BK0010 has a 16-bit
microprocessor and is networkable.  But at this time, neither the Agat or the
BK0010 is in widespread use because of its cost and limited utility.
Nevertheless, the Soviet government plans to have more than a million computers
in the nation's schools by 1990.

In addition to discovering Soviet computers, John also discovered the warmth
and wonder of the Soviet people by visiting them in their homes.

"During my visits," said John, "I answered hundreds of questions about life in
the United States and probably asked as many about life in the Soviet Union.
Discussions ranged from the homeless in America to childbirth practices to
'star wars'."  According to John, his most memorable experiences were of the
people themselves.  "When I reflect back on my trip, what do I remember?  I
remember the old women who, at 5 AM, were already hunched over their handmade
straw brooms sweeping the streets.  I remember the endless toasts that
accompanied each glass of Georgian wine or Russian vodka.  And I remember the
extreme generosity and hospitality of the people who invited me to their homes.
My trip was more than an exchange of technological ideas. It was a chance to
meet and share ideas with the people who make up the Soviet Union.  And it
changed my impression of their country.  To me, the Soviet Union is no longer
an ominous country 10 times the size of the United States.  It's a country of
people-Georgians, Armenians, Russians, and many more nationalities-people who
are as curious about us in the United States as we are about them, and people
who are every bit as interested in world peace as we are."

We're sure that John's visit helped Soviet citizens to better understand the
American people as well.


SPECIAL FOCUS
The Higher Education Connection

by Laura Reynolds

Apple's field sales reps were "all ears" at the "All Ears" session of Apple's
recent 1988 Higher Education training forum.  There, they had an opportunity to
exchange information with Laura Reynolds, Higher Education Program Manager, on
what they'd like to see happen with their campus User Groups.

By sharing success stories, the reps learned how their contact with and support
of User Groups can be mutually beneficial.  Based on model User Groups at the
University of Texas at Austin and the University of Alabama, common success
factors were identified that included:
    o    a broad membership base that included faculty, university administrators,
and students
    o    varying degrees of member "expertise"-from the computer neophyte to the
hacker
    o    a strong relationship with the campus reseller and the microsupport
centers-groups that promote each other
    o    the use of AppleLink, a dynamic resource for linking User Groups throughout
the country.

To support the success of campus User Groups, the User Group Connection is
increasing efforts to raise awareness of what a higher ed User Group is and how
to connect with one.  For starters, User Groups will be mentioned in all future
collateral-everything from holiday or back-to-school promotions to academic
courseware exchange catalogs.  In addition, the Connection will provide campus
resellers or local dealers with brochures that can be customized to advertise a
specific campus User Group.  And finally, Apple will be promoting User Groups
in two key academic events-Macademia and Educom-to be held later this year.

The Higher Education sales organization at Apple is as excited about User
Groups as we are at the Connection.  The message is reaching receptive ears
everywhere-and the connections keep coming.



SPECIAL FOCUS
The Government Connection

by Joan Tabb

March 8 was a memorable day for Apple's government User Group leaders: they had
breakfast with the president and CEO of Apple Computer, John Sculley.  The
Washington breakfast gave John a chance to show Apple's appreciation,
endorsement, and support of the government User Group people-the community
helping to evangelize Apple technology in the federal marketplace.

The event, arranged by Joan Tabb, Apple's Program Manager for Government and
Business User Groups, included Apple's major government customers; the sales
team from Apple's Reston, Virginia, office; and officers from leading
government User Groups, including representatives from the Pentagon Users
Group, the National Institutes of Health User Group, Washington Apple Pi, the
federal SIG of Washington Apple Pi, the Navy Norfolk Macintosh Users Group, and
the Army Corps of Engineers.

Between the coffee and croissants, John discussed Apple's intention to develop
a new operating system for the Mac-one that will add programming ease while
delivering increased user features-and Apple's efforts to standardize networks
across large organizations, such as those in the federal government that use
COBOL applications.  After jokingly referring to government User Groups as
Apple's "guerrilla support unit," John was presented with a handpainted
camouflage Macintosh case, a gift from Lieutenant Colonel Manny DeVerra of the
Pentagon User Group.  As he accepted the gift, John remarked, "Maybe this
really is guerrilla warfare!"

The event concluded with a Hypercard presentation on the User Group Connection
and a highlight on the Government User Groups.  This stack included animation
that helped describe the growth and development of Apple's User Group program.
The HyperCard stack was so well received that many rushed to copy it soon after
the presentation.  But they needn't have hurried.  Every government User Group
will soon be receiving a copy, and all of you can look forward to receiving a
more global User Group Connection Hypercard stack in the near future.


If you're interested in attending the next government User Group conference,
scheduled for June 1 in the Reston Apple office, and are not currently on our
mailing list, contact Joan Tabb at:
The Apple User Group Connection
20525 Mariani Avenue, M/S 36AA
Cupertino, CA 94015
AppleLink(R): TABB1



[BULLETIN BOARD]

AzApple Fiesta
The second annual AzApple Fiesta is a gala event sponsored by The Arizona Apple
User Group in Phoenix to be held June 11 and 12 at the Safari Inn in
Scottsdale, Arizona.  Two days of Apple fun and education are planned,
including assembly language classes taught by Roger Wagner from Roger Wagner
Publishing, and workshops on Postscript by Don Lancaster (father of the
personal computer), on telecommunications by Greg Schaefer (from GBBS &
ProTERM), and on memory management from Checkmate Technology.  And User Group
members are specially invited to a roundtable discussion on User Group
management.

But that's only the tip of the enchilada.  For more information, contact:
Jerry Cline [phone]
AppleLink: UG0011
Jim Ransom  [phone]


Did You Know?
On the first of May, 1976, Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak delivered the first 60
Apple I computers to a few local computer stores.  At the time, Jobs was a
part-time physics student at Stanford and Woz was working for Hewlett-Packard.

The first Apple II personal computer was introduced in May of 1977.  It was the
first fully assembled, programmable, personal computer sold commercially.

Scientist Alan Kay became an Apple Fellow just four years ago this May.

On May 19, 1980, Apple introduced the Apple III, a fully integrated computer
system with built-in disk drive, up to 128K of memory, color and
black-and-white video, and the ability to accommodate a wide range of videos.
The price?  Only $4330 to $7800.

Remember Contact, the first Apple User Newsletter?  The first issue was
published on May 29, 1981.

Five years ago, Apple was awarded a preliminary injunction against a Los
Angeles distributor of one of the copies of the Apple II-a product called the
Pineapple.


Staff
Editors:  Phyllis Farnam and Ellen Leanse
Contributors:  Mike Liebhold, John Marvelle, Clement Mok, Laura Reynolds, and
Joan Tabb
Writer:  Janet Joers
Design and Production:  Aplin, Uno & Chibana

 1988 Apple Computer, Inc.  Articles appearing in the Quick Connect newsletter
may be reprinted in other User Group publications not sold for profit.  We
require only that credit be given to the Apple Computer User Group Connection
and that we receive a copy of any publication in which reprinted articles
appear.  The Apple User Group Connection, 20525 Mariani Avenue, M/S 36AA,
Cupertino, CA 95014.

Apple, the Apple logo, AppleLink, AppleTalk, HyperCard, ImageWriter, Lisa, and
Macintosh are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc.  AppleCD SC,
MacAPPC, and MacWorkStation are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc.  ITC
Garamond is a registered trademark of International Typeface Corporation.  DEC
and VAX are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation.  ThunderScan is a
registered trademark of Thunderware, Inc.  Postscript is a registered trademark
of Adobe Systems, Inc.